URLTO GUIDE
Compare precomposed é with a combined character
Visually similar text can contain different strings. Review code points when counts or duplicate matching differ.
URLTO editorial · Updated
Text counts · series07 / 10
Input and processing example
Compare it yourself · Illustrative example
é (U+00E9): 1 코드 포인트 / code point · 2 bytes e + ◌́ (U+0065 U+0301): 2 코드 포인트 / code points · 3 bytes
Steps to verify
- Keep the exact affected string.
- Compare units and source text.
- Decide whether normalization fits the purpose.
How to interpret the result
The forms can look alike but have different code-point and UTF-8 counts. The counter does not normalize every character to one representation.
Deciding what to do next
Check requirements before changing identifiers or records. Exact-string duplicate removal can retain visually similar lines.
Feature scope
Count code points, non-whitespace characters, UTF-8 bytes, whitespace-separated words and lines in the browser, not glyphs or every publishing service’s limits.
Frequently asked questions
Does the same appearance mean identical strings?
Not necessarily. Review the source and code-point representation.