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URLTO GUIDE

Compare precomposed é with a combined character

Visually similar text can contain different strings. Review code points when counts or duplicate matching differ.

URLTO editorial · Updated

Text counts · series07 / 10

Input and processing example

Compare it yourself · Illustrative example

é (U+00E9): 1 코드 포인트 / code point · 2 bytes
e + ◌́ (U+0065 U+0301): 2 코드 포인트 / code points · 3 bytes

Steps to verify

  • Keep the exact affected string.
  • Compare units and source text.
  • Decide whether normalization fits the purpose.

How to interpret the result

The forms can look alike but have different code-point and UTF-8 counts. The counter does not normalize every character to one representation.

Deciding what to do next

Check requirements before changing identifiers or records. Exact-string duplicate removal can retain visually similar lines.

Feature scope

Count code points, non-whitespace characters, UTF-8 bytes, whitespace-separated words and lines in the browser, not glyphs or every publishing service’s limits.

Frequently asked questions

Does the same appearance mean identical strings?

Not necessarily. Review the source and code-point representation.

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